Grammar
Grammar, explained simply
10 explanations of the points that trip learners up, each with the rule, a quick test, examples you can play and the mistakes to avoid.
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Step 4Estoy cansado.
I am tired.
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- Translate
- Listen
- Speak
Say it out loud. Green landed, yellow was close.
Start freeSpanish
Spanish
Ser vs estar: when to use each
Use ser for what something is: identity, origin, profession, time and lasting qualities.
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Por vs para: how to choose
Use para for purpose, destination, deadlines, recipients and opinions: where something is headed.
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Preterite vs imperfect: past tenses in Spanish
Use the preterite for completed actions with a clear beginning or end, and for a sequence of events.
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French
French
Passé composé vs imparfait
Use the passé composé for completed actions and events that move the story forward.
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Tu vs vous: which to use
Use vous with strangers, anyone older or in authority, in shops and at work unless told otherwise, and always for more than one person.
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French noun gender: how to know le or la
Every French noun is masculine (le) or feminine (la), and there is no perfect rule.
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German
German
German cases explained
German has four cases that show a noun's job in the sentence: nominative for the subject, accusative for the direct object, dative for the indirect object, and genitive for possession.
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German word order: the verb rules
In a German main clause the conjugated verb is always in second position.
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Italian
Japanese
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Now say it out loud
Reading teaches you what it looks like. Speaking teaches you to say it. Practise in full sentences, free, no card.